Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis

• Acácio S. de Souza,
• Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro,
• Dora C. S. Costa,
• Fernanda P. Pauli,
• David R. Pinho,
• Matheus G. de Moraes,
• Fernando de C. da Silva,
• Luana da S. M. Forezi and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43

Mechanochemical synthesis of poly(trimethylene carbonate)s: an example of rate acceleration

• Sora Park and
• Jeung Gon Kim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 963–970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.93

• temperature of the reactor and the reaction mixture (Figure 1). After two hours of high-speed ball milling, the temperature of the reactor and mixture increased to 36 °C. To allow a direct comparison, the solution reactions were also conducted at 40 °C. However, their efficiencies remained far behind those of

Mechanochemistry of nucleosides, nucleotides and related materials

• Olga Eguaogie,
• Joseph S. Vyle,
• Patrick F. Conlon,
• Manuela A. Gîlea and
• Yipei Liang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 955–970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.81

• (Scheme 5) [42]. In the absence of light, azobenzene derivatives were isolated as the pure E-isomers. In their original report, Sharpless and co-workers described the use of copper turnings to promote a regioselective azide–alkyne [3 + 2]-cycloaddition ("click") reaction over 24 hours [43]. High-speed

• ball milling using a custom-made copper vial and copper ball enabled efficient reaction between propyne-derivatised photoswitches and an azidodeoxynucleoside click partner (Scheme 6) [44]. In contrast to the solution-phase (Cu(I)-promoted) reactions, no contamination of the ball milled products by

Bromide-assisted chemoselective Heck reaction of 3-bromoindazoles under high-speed ball-milling conditions: synthesis of axitinib

• Jingbo Yu,
• Zikun Hong,
• Xinjie Yang,
• Yu Jiang,
• Zhijiang Jiang and
• Weike Su

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 786–795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.66

Liquid-assisted grinding and ion pairing regulates percentage conversion and diastereoselectivity of the Wittig reaction under mechanochemical conditions

• Kendra Leahy Denlinger,
• Lianna Ortiz-Trankina,
• Preston Carr,
• Kingsley Benson,
• Daniel C. Waddell and
• James Mack

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.57

• the Wittig reaction. Keywords: green chemistry; high-speed ball milling; HSBM; LAG; liquid-assisted grinding; Wittig; Introduction Mechanochemistry is maturing as a discipline and continuing to develop and grow [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thus it is important to continue

Mechanochemical synthesis of small organic molecules

• Tapas Kumar Achar,
• Anima Bose and
• Prasenjit Mal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1907–1931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.186

•  11) using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ) as an efficient oxidant [67]. Su and co-workers have also reported an asymmetric version of the CDC reaction between terminal alkynes and sp3 C–H bonds under high speed ball milling conditions [68]. Several optically active 1-alkynyl

• ][75][76]. In view of this, chemists have introduced alternative energy sources like, microwave, sonication, mechanomilling, etc. [12][27][77]. Su and co-workers reported a copper-catalyzed arylation of anilines using arylboronic acid under high speed ball-milling conditions. Using 1.0 equiv of Cu(OAc

• ]. Traditional solution-based C–O bond synthesis generally needs large amount of solvents, excess chlorinating agent, harsh reaction conditions, a tedious isolation process, etc. compared to solvent-less grinding or mechanomilling [89]. In 2011, Mack and co-workers applied the high-speed ball milling (HSBM

Mechanochemical enzymatic resolution of N-benzylated-β³-amino esters

• Mario Pérez-Venegas,
• Gloria Reyes-Rangel,
• Adrián Neri,
• Jaime Escalante and
• Eusebio Juaristi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.167

• CALB enzyme under high-speed ball-milling (HSBM) conditions as a method to obtain enantiopure N-benzylated-β3-amino acids (Scheme 1). Results and Discussion A racemic mixture of substrate rac-1a (82 mg, 1 equiv) was milled in an Agate jar (12 mm of diameter, 4.6 mL) with an Agate ball (6 mm of diameter

Encaging palladium(0) in layered double hydroxide: A sustainable catalyst for solvent-free and ligand-free Heck reaction in a ball mill

• Wei Shi,
• Jingbo Yu,
• Zhijiang Jiang,
• Qiaoling Shao and
• Weike Su

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1661–1668, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.160

• easily recovered and reused for at least five times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Keywords: ball milling; Heck reaction; layer double hydroxides; solvent-free; supported Pd catalyst; Introduction High-speed ball milling (HSBM)-assisted transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

• , Zhejiang, China 10.3762/bjoc.13.160 Abstract In this paper, the synthesis of a cheap, reusable and ligand-free Pd catalyst supported on MgAl layered double hydroxides (Pd/MgAl-LDHs) by co-precipitation and reduction methods is described. The catalyst was used in Heck reactions under high-speed ball

• milling (HSBM) conditions at room temperature. The effects of milling-ball size, milling-ball filling degree, reaction time, rotation speed and grinding auxiliary category, which would influence the yields of mechanochemical Heck reactions, were investigated in detail. The characterization results of XRD

Mechanochemical borylation of aryldiazonium salts; merging light and ball milling

• José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1463–1469, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.144

• to enable external light irradiation of the reaction mixture while having simultaneously the high-speed ball milling acting on the mixture of reactants and PC (Figure 1; for details, see Supporting Information File 1). Subsequently, with the aim to determine the role of the light, PC and the

Enantioselective additions of copper acetylides to cyclic iminium and oxocarbenium ions

• Jixin Liu,
• Srimoyee Dasgupta and
• Mary P. Watson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2696–2706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.290

• reaction of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines and alkynes can be accomplished under high-speed ball-milling conditions with copper balls (Scheme 9) [31]. Under these solvent-free reaction conditions, isoquinolines 28 were formed more quickly than the in-solvent reactions previously reported, but the ee’s are

Mechanochemistry assisted asymmetric organocatalysis: A sustainable approach

• Pankaj Chauhan and
• Swapandeep Singh Chimni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2132–2141, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.240

• cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and acetone with various aromatic aldehydes 2 under solvent-free reaction conditions with the high-speed ball-milling (HSBM) technique (Scheme 4) [35]. Using 7 mol % of III the anti-aldol products (in the case of cyclohexanone) and syn-aldol product (in the case of cyclopentanone